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Thursday, April 23, 2020

List of major figures in Vietnamese written literature 980 - 1945

Why 980 ? - We know very little about written literature before.
Why 1945 ? - Need another post for what happened after that.

Early Lê dynasty (980 - 1009)
Year 980, facing the threat invasion from the chinese Song empire, Queen Dương Vân Nga of the Đinh dynasty gave the King's rope (Dragon rope) to commander Lê Hoàn, thus beginning of the Early Lê dynasty.
Notable writings:
Nam quốc sơn hà (981) (Mountains and Rivers of the Southern Country)
Quốc tộ (Country's fate) - Zen Master Đỗ Pháp Thuận

Lý dynasty (1009 - 1225)
Year 1009, when the last king of The Early Lê dynasty Lê Long Đĩnh passed away, his son was too young to rule. Đào Cam Mộc, an imperial official, and Zen master Vạn Hạnh seized the opportunity and imposed their power and political influence to enthrone their trusted disciple Lý Công Uẩn, thus beginning of the Lý dynasty.
Notable writing:
Thiền Uyển tập anh (Collection of Outstanding Figures of the Zen Garden)

Trần dynasty (1225 - 1400)
In October 1224, Lý Huệ Tông ceded the throne to his youngest daughter, the Princess Chiêu Thánh, now the Empress Regnant Lý Chiêu Hoàng. Chiêu Hoàng was only six at that time, and all important decisions in royal court were made by members of the Trần clan. Trần Thủ Độ arranged a marriage between Chiêu Hoàng and Trần Cảnh, his nephew. Then Trần Thủ Độ forced Lý Chiêu Hoàng pass the throne to Trần Cảnh in 1225, thus beginning of the Trần dynasty.
Notable figures and writtings:
Trần Hưng Đạo (1228 - 1300)  - Very remarkable figure, lead Vietnamese army defeat 3 Mongol invasions
Trần Thánh Tông (1240 - 1290)
Trần Quang Khải (1241 - 1294)
Trần Nhân Tông (1258 – 1308)
Trương Hán Siêu (1280? - 1354)
Việt điện u linh tập (Collection of Stories on the Shady and Spiritual World of the Viet Realm) (1329) - Lý Tế Xuyên
Đại Việt sử lược (Abridged Chronicles of Đại Việt) - Sử Hy Nhan? (1343? - 1421)
Lĩnh Nam chích quái (Selection of Strange Tales in Lĩnh Nam) (1350?) - Trần Thế Pháp

Hồ dynasty (1400–1407)
Year 1400, Hồ Quý Ly dethroned his maternal grandchild Trần Thiếu Đế, declared himself to be the new emperor, thus beginning of the Hồ dynasty.
Notable figures:
Hồ Quý Ly (1336 – 1407)
Hồ Nguyên Trừng (1374 – 1446)

Ming invasion of Vietnam (1407-1427)

Later Lê dynasty (1428 - 1527)

Year 1428, after defeating the invasion of chinese Ming empire, Lê Lợi - leader of Lam Sơn Uprising declared himself to be the new emperor, thus beginning of the Later Lê dynasty.
Notable figures and writtings:
Nguyễn Trãi (1380 - 1442)
Nguyễn Mộng Tuân (1380- ?)
Thái Thuận (1441 - ?)
Lê Thánh Tông (1442 – 1497) và Tao đàn Nhị thập bát Tú
Nguyễn Bảo (1452 - 1503?)
Đặng Minh Khiêm (1456? - 1522?)
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (Complete Annals of Đại Việt) (1479) - Ngô Sĩ Liên (khoảng đầu thế kỷ 15 - ?)

Mạc dynasty (1527 - 1592)
Year 1527 Mạc Đăng Dung removed the figurehead Emperor Lê Cung Hoàng he had installed earlier and proclaimed himself as the new Emperor. This usurpation of the throne from the rightful Lê Emperors was not well received by the officials in the government. They joined a new revolt to fight against the Mạc Emperors. From 1533, Mạc dynasty ruled only northern part of the country.

Notable figures and writtings:
Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm (1491 – 1585)
Ô Châu cận lục (Recently writtings about Ô Châu) (1555) - Dương Văn An (1514 – 1591)
Truyền kỳ mạn lục (Collection of Strange Tales) (1550?) - Nguyễn Dữ

Trịnh Lords - Outer Land (1533 - 1789)
Nguyễn Kim, general of Lê dynasty, gathered Lê Loyalists to fight against Mạc. Nguyễn Kim was assasinated, his son-in-law Trịnh Kiểm took control of the Loyalist army, beginning of Trịnh Lords. Trịnh Tùng - son of Trịnh Kiểm - captured the capital of Mạc dynasty and end Mạc ruling in 1592.
 Notable figures:
Nguyễn Tông Quai (1692 – 1767)
Ngô Thì Ức (1709 - 1736)
Hải Thượng Lãn Ông (1720 – 1791)
Ngô Thì Sĩ (1726 - 1780)
Lê Quý Đôn (1726 – 1784)
Trần Danh Án (1754 - 1794)
Phạm Đình Hổ (1768 - 1839)

Nguyễn Lords - Inner Land (1600 - 1777)
Year 1600, Nguyễn Hoàng - son of Nguyễn Kim, brother-in-law of Trịnh Kiểm, administrator of southern provinces - refused to obey the orders coming from the new court at Hanoi - controled by Trịnh Tùng. Thus beginning of Nguyễn Lords ruling of southern provinces (Inner Land).

Notable figures:
Nguyễn Khoa Chiêm (1659 – 1736)
Tao đàn Chiêu Anh Các (1736 - 1771)

Tây Sơn dynasty (1778 - 1802)
Year 1777, peasant rebellion Tây Sơn Uprising lead by 3 brothers Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, Nguyễn Lữ, conquested the Inner Land, thus beginning of Tây Sơn dynasty. In 1786, Nguyễn Huệ marched to the north, defeated the Trịnh army, united the Vietnamese country.
 Notable figures:
Ninh Tốn (1744 - 1795)
Ngô Thì Nhậm (1746 – 1803)

Early Nguyễn dynasty (1802 - 1825)
Year 1802, Nguyễn Ánh, a nephew of the last Nguyễn lord, with the help of Thailand and French forces, destroyed the Tây Sơn army, declared himself to be the new emperor, thus beginning of the Nguyễn dynasty.
 Notable figures and writtings:
Lê Quang Định (1759 - 1813)
Phạm Quý Thích (1760 - 1825)
Trịnh Hoài Đức (1765 - 1825)
Nguyễn Du (1766 – 1820)
Hồ Xuân Hương (1772 – 1822)
Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí (Unification Records of the Imperial Le) (1804) - Ngô gia văn phái

Independent Nguyễn dynasty (1825 - 1884)
Phan Thanh Giản (1796 - 1867)
Trương Quốc Dụng (1797 – 1864)
Hà Tông Quyền (1798 - 1839)
Nguyễn Văn Siêu (1799 - 1872)
Bà Huyện Thanh Quan (1805 - 1848)
Cao Bá Quát (1809 – 1855)
Tùng Thiện Vương (1819 – 1870)
Phạm Phú Thứ (1821 – 1882)
Tự Đức (1829 – 1883)
Nguyễn Trường Tộ (1830 – 1871)
Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (The Imperially Ordered Annotated Text Completely Reflecting the History of Viet) (1856–1884) - Quốc sử quán triều Nguyễn

Early France-dependent Nguyễn dynasty (1884-1900)
Year 1884, after The Treaty of Huế, France colonize Vietnam.

Nguyễn Đình Chiểu (1822 – 1888)
Nguyễn Tư Giản (1823 – 1890)
Nguyễn Xuân Ôn (1825 – 1889)
Nguyễn Thông (1827 – 1884)
Huỳnh Tịnh Của (1830 - 1908)
Phan Văn Trị (1830 – 1910)
Nguyễn Quang Bích (1832 – 1890)
Nguyễn Khuyến (1835 - 1909)
Trần Tế Xương (1870 - 1907)

France-dependent Nguyễn dynasty (1900 - 1945)

Beginning of 20th century, French influence gradually deepened in Vietnam.
Authors had writtings published in 1900 - 1945:
Authors were born before 1900:
Nguyễn Liên Phong (1821 - ?)
Nguyễn Bá Học (1857 - 1921)
Phan Bội Châu (1867 – 1940)
Nguyễn Chánh Sắt (1869 – 1947)
Phan Châu Trinh (1872 – 1926)
Tân Dân Tử (1875 - 1955)
Lê Hoằng Mưu (1879 - 1941)
Phạm Duy Tốn ( 1881 –1924)
Nguyễn Bá Trác (1881 – 1945)
Đạm Phương (1881 - 1947)
Dương Bá Trạc (1884 - 1944)
Hồ Biểu Chánh (1884 – 1958)
Phan Khôi (1887 - 1959)
Võ Liêm Sơn (1888 - 1949)
Tản Đà (1889 - 1939)
Nguyễn Văn Ngọc (1890 - 1942)
Hồ Chí Minh (1890 – 1969)
Doãn Kế Thiện (1891 - 1965)
Phạm Quỳnh (1892 - 1945)
Ngô Tất Tố (1894 – 1954)
Khái Hưng (1896 - 1947)
Hoàng Ngọc Phách (1896 - 1973)
Bửu Đình (1898 - 1931)
Vi Huyền Đắc (1899 - 1976)

Authors were born in 1900-1909:
Nguyễn An Ninh (1900 - 1943)
Đào Trinh Nhất (1900 - 1951)
Tú Mỡ (1900 - 1976)
Trúc Khê (1901 - 1947)
Đặng Trần Phất (1902 - 1929)
Nguyễn Triệu Luật (1903 - 1946)
Nguyễn Công Hoan (1903 – 1977)
Nhượng Tống (1904 - 1949)
Lan Khai (1906 – 1945)
Nguyễn Tường Tam (Nhất Linh) (1906 - 1963)
Lê Văn Trương (1906 - 1964)
Đông Hồ (1906 - 1969)
Nam Đình (1906 - 1978)
Phan Trần Chúc (1907 - 1946)
Lưu Kỳ Linh (1907 - 1974)
Phan Văn Dật (1907 - 1987)
Thế Lữ (1907 – 1989)
Thiếu Sơn (1908 - 1978)
Sơn Vương (1908 - 1987)
Nguyễn Tiến Lãng (1909 - 1976)
Hoài Thanh (1909 - 1982)
Thao Thao (1909 - 1994)
Cung Giũ Nguyên (1909 – 2008)

Authors were born in 1910-1921:
Thạch Lam (1910 - 1942)
Quách Tấn (1910 – 1992)
Nguyễn Tuân (1910 – 1987)
Đoàn Phú Tứ (1910 - 1989)
Thái Can (1910 - 1998)
Xích Điểu (1910 - 2003)
Trần Thanh Mại (1911 - 1965)
Thanh Tịnh (1911 - 1988)
Lưu Trọng Lư (1911 – 1991)
Vũ Trọng Phụng (1912 - 1939)
Hàn Mạc Tử (1912 – 1940)
Nguyễn Huy Tưởng (1912 - 1960)
Nguyễn Vỹ (1912 - 1971)
Nguyễn Đình Lạp (1913 - 1952)
Mạnh Phú Tư (1913 -1959)
Vũ Bằng (1913 – 1984)
Vũ Đình Liên (1913 - 1996)
Đỗ Huy Nhiệm (1915 - ?)
Nam Cao (1915 - 1951)
Nguyễn Xuân Huy (1915 - 2000)
Bích Khê (1916 - 1946)
Lư Khê (1916 – 1950)
Xuân Diệu (1916 – 1985)
Phạm Huy Thông (1916–1988)
Hồ Dzếnh (1916 – 1991)
Minh Tuyền (1916 - 2001)
Dương Tử Giang (1918 -1956)
Nguyên Hồng (1918 - 1982)
Huy Cận (1919 – 2005)
Chế Lan Viên (1920 - 1989)
Lưu Quang Thuận (1921 - 1981)
Anh Thơ (1921 - 2005)
Tế Hanh (1921 - 2009)

Monday, April 20, 2020

Art of Đờn ca tài tử music and song in southern Viet Nam


Nha Nhac, Vietnamese Court Music


Ca trù singing


Gióng festival of Phù Ðông and Sóc temples


Quan Họ Bắc Ninh folk songs


Practices related to the Việt beliefs in the Mother Goddesses of Three Realms


The Space of Gong Culture


The art of Bài Chòi in Central Viet Nam


Worship of Hùng kings in Phú Thọ


Ví and Giặm folk songs of Nghệ Tĩnh


Xoan singing of Phú Thọ province, Viet Nam


Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Khu di tích trung tâm Hoàng thành Thăng Long


Complex of Hué Monuments - Quần thể di tích Cố đô Huế


Ha Long Bay - Vịnh Hạ Long


Hoi An Ancient Town - Phố cổ Hội An


My Son Sanctuary - Thánh địa Mỹ Sơn


Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park - Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng


Citadel of the Ho Dynasty - Thành nhà Hồ